Rules of Present Perfect
·
Use
the Present Perfect when the result of an action in the past is important in
the present – attained/not attained, achieved/ not achieved, accomplished/not
accomplished.
·
Typical
signal words for the Present Perfect:
o
Already,
o
Just,
o
So
far,
o
Yet.
·
Have
/has + past participle of the verb is used to form the Present Perfect.
Do (simple present) – did (simple past) – done (past
participle) – doing
·
I
have done my work.
·
Have/has
+ not + past participle is used to form the negative.
·
I
have not yet done my work.
·
Have
you done my work?
·
Has
+ not + past participle is used to form the negative in the 3rd person singular
(he, she, it).
·
He
has done this work.
·
He
has not done his work.
·
Has
he done his work?
·
The
contracted form haven't for have + not and hasn't for has + not .
·
The
participle form uses
o
‘ed’
to the infinitive of regular verbs;
Walk (simple present) – walked (simple past) – walked (past
participle) – walking
o
Irregular
verbs the form in the 3rd column of the table
Swim (simple present) – swam (simple past) – swum (past
participle) – swimming.
